Formal S B, Hale T L, Sansonetti P J
Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Sep-Oct;5 Suppl 4:S702-7. doi: 10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_4.s702.
Invasive enteric pathogens of the Salmonella or Shigella genera initiate infections by invading the intestinal epithelium. Depending on the species, salmonellae either translocate across the mucosa of the small intestine and cause a systemic febrile disease or they evoke a localized inflammatory response in discreet areas of the infected mucosa. The latter type of infection is characterized by gastroenteritis, and a choleragen-like enterotoxin may contribute to the symptomology. Shigellae can also evoke diarrheal episodes; however, classic shigellosis is characterized by localized invasion of the colonic epithelium, with inflammation and ulceration of the mucosa. Derangement of the colonic mucosa is manifested in the bloody, mucoid stool characteristic of bacillary dysentery. Genetic analysis of invasive enteric pathogens has shown that extrachromosomal elements (plasmids) are required for full expression of virulence in Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella flexneri. In the latter species, at least three chromosomal regions are also necessary for virulence.
沙门氏菌属或志贺氏菌属的侵袭性肠道病原体通过侵入肠道上皮引发感染。根据菌种不同，沙门氏菌要么穿过小肠黏膜并引发全身性发热疾病，要么在受感染黏膜的离散区域引发局部炎症反应。后一种感染类型以肠胃炎为特征，一种霍乱毒素样肠毒素可能导致相关症状。志贺氏菌也可引发腹泻；然而，典型的志贺氏菌病的特征是结肠上皮的局部侵袭，伴有黏膜炎症和溃疡。结肠黏膜紊乱表现为细菌性痢疾特有的血性、黏液样粪便。对侵袭性肠道病原体的基因分析表明，在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、宋内志贺氏菌和福氏志贺氏菌中，毒力的充分表达需要染色体外元件（质粒）。在后者中，至少三个染色体区域对毒力也是必需的。
