Hagberg M
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1984;53(3):269-78. doi: 10.1007/BF00398820.
Disorders and complaints in the neck and shoulder regions are common among industrial workers and are often attributed to occupational musculoskeletal stress. The possible pathophysiological mechanism of occupational stress on the neck and shoulders is reviewed. A mechanical origin for cervical disc degeneration and osteoarthrosis is reported for a few occupational groups. However, a mechanical origin for osteoarthrosis is debatable. A work posture involving elevated arms may accelerate degeneration of shoulder tendons through impairment of circulation due to static tension and humeral compression against the coracoacromial arch. Furthermore, work tasks with repetitive arm movements may evoke shoulder tendinitis or tendo-vaginitis, probably due to friction. Three possible routes to neck-shoulder muscular pain are discussed; mechanical failure, local ischemia and energy metabolism disturbance.
颈部和肩部疾病及不适在产业工人中很常见，且常被归因于职业性肌肉骨骼压力。本文综述了职业压力对颈部和肩部可能的病理生理机制。有报道称，少数职业群体的颈椎间盘退变和骨关节炎存在机械性病因。然而，骨关节炎的机械性病因存在争议。涉及手臂抬高的工作姿势可能会因静态张力和肱骨对喙肩弓的压迫导致血液循环受损，从而加速肩部肌腱退变。此外，重复性手臂运动的工作任务可能会引发肩部肌腱炎或腱鞘炎，可能是由于摩擦所致。本文讨论了导致颈肩肌肉疼痛的三种可能途径：机械性故障、局部缺血和能量代谢紊乱。
