Merritt F F, Smith B P, Reina-Guerra M, Habasha F, Johnson E
Am J Vet Res. 1984 Jun;45(6):1081-5.
The purpose of this investigation was to relate cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the degree of immunity induced in calves given a live virulent or a modified-live strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Calves were placed into 1 of 5 groups on the basis of the vaccinal strain given and route of the vaccination: (I) nonvaccinated controls, (II) vaccinated twice by IM inoculation with small doses of the live virulent strain, (III) vaccinated (IM) twice with the modified-live strain, (IV) vaccinated (orally) twice with the modified-live strains, and (V) vaccinated (IM, and then orally) twice with the modified-live strain. Skin testing was performed by intradermal injection of fragmented S typhimurium as antigen. Double skin fold thickness and visual assessments were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after antigen was administered. Biopsy samples for histopathologic evaluation were obtained. After vaccination and skin testing were complete, calves were orally challenge exposed with 1.5 X 10(11) virulent S typhimurium. Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (48 hours) were observed in all except controls (group I) and 2 of 3 calves vaccinated orally with the modified-live vaccine strain (group IV). Significant correlations between positive skin tests and protection from challenge exposure were observed except in group V calves, in which positive skin test results were seen, but adequacy of the immunity (or survival after challenge exposure) was inconsistent.
本研究的目的是将皮肤迟发型超敏反应与给小牛接种鼠伤寒沙门氏菌强毒株或弱毒株后诱导的免疫程度联系起来。根据接种疫苗株和接种途径，将小牛分为5组中的1组：（I）未接种疫苗的对照组，（II）用小剂量强毒株通过肌肉注射接种两次，（III）用弱毒株通过肌肉注射接种两次，（IV）用弱毒株通过口服接种两次，以及（V）先用弱毒株通过肌肉注射接种，然后再通过口服接种两次。通过皮内注射破碎的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌作为抗原进行皮肤试验。在给予抗原后的3、6、24、48和72小时记录双皮褶厚度和视觉评估结果。获取用于组织病理学评估的活检样本。在接种疫苗和皮肤试验完成后，给小牛口服1.5×10¹¹强毒株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行攻毒暴露。除了对照组（I组）和3头口服弱毒疫苗株的小牛中的2头（IV组）外，在所有小牛中均观察到皮肤迟发型超敏反应（48小时）。除了V组小牛外，观察到阳性皮肤试验与免受攻毒暴露之间存在显著相关性，在V组小牛中虽然观察到阳性皮肤试验结果，但免疫充分性（或攻毒暴露后的存活率）并不一致。
