Shapiro E D, Clemens J D
Ann Intern Med. 1984 Sep;101(3):325-30. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-325.
The protective efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine against systemic pneumococcal infections in adults with the current indications for the vaccine was evaluated in a case-control study. Six (7%) of the 90 cases and 16 (18%) of the matched controls had received pneumococcal vaccine for an odds ratio of 0.33 (p less than 0.05). The vaccine's protective efficacy was 67%, which remained virtually unchanged after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The vaccine's efficacy was 77% for patients at moderately increased risk of pneumococcal infections, but 0% for patients who were severely immunocompromised. The vaccine's protective efficacy was 70% (p less than 0.05) for all patients 55 years or older after controlling for indications for the vaccine in addition to age. Pneumococcal vaccine confers substantial protection against systemic pneumococcal infections on the elderly and patients with illnesses associated with a moderately increased risk of pneumococcal infections.
在一项病例对照研究中，评估了肺炎球菌疫苗对有当前疫苗适应证的成人系统性肺炎球菌感染的保护效力。90例病例中有6例（7%），匹配的对照中有16例（18%）接种了肺炎球菌疫苗，比值比为0.33（P<0.05）。疫苗的保护效力为67%，在对潜在混杂变量进行校正后基本保持不变。对于肺炎球菌感染风险中度增加的患者，疫苗效力为77%，但对于严重免疫功能低下的患者，疫苗效力为0%。在控制了除年龄外的疫苗适应证后，55岁及以上所有患者的疫苗保护效力为70%（P<0.05）。肺炎球菌疫苗对老年人以及患有与肺炎球菌感染风险中度增加相关疾病的患者的系统性肺炎球菌感染具有显著保护作用。
