Rapp F
Crit Rev Toxicol. 1984;13(2):197-204. doi: 10.3109/10408448409034082.
Retroviruses are RNA-containing viruses using reverse transcriptase to produce DNA copies capable of insertion into host chromosomes. Appropriate genes are required to confer transforming ability to retroviruses. The src gene, a 60,000-dalton protein with protein kinase activity, is required by avian viruses to induce sarcomas. Normal cells have a gene (sarc) similar to the src gene. Retroviruses with oncogenic properties can arise by recombining with genes on the host chromosome. Herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and papovaviruses have transforming properties residing in only a portion of the genome. Probably, only one to two genes are required for transformation, regardless of the complexity of the virus.
逆转录病毒是含RNA的病毒，利用逆转录酶产生能够插入宿主染色体的DNA拷贝。逆转录病毒需要合适的基因来赋予其转化能力。src基因是一种具有蛋白激酶活性的60000道尔顿蛋白质，禽病毒需要它来诱导肉瘤。正常细胞有一个与src基因相似的基因（sarc）。具有致癌特性的逆转录病毒可通过与宿主染色体上的基因重组产生。疱疹病毒、腺病毒和乳头瘤病毒的转化特性仅存在于基因组的一部分中。无论病毒的复杂性如何，转化可能只需要一到两个基因。
