Zola E M
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1984 Sep;18(9):692-6. doi: 10.1177/106002808401800903.
Administration of silver nitrate 1% solution into the eyes of the newborn has proven effective in the prophylaxis of gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis. Silver nitrate, however, is not active against Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis. Also, silver nitrate commonly is associated with substantial chemical irritation. For these reasons, alternative agents are receiving increasing attention. Recently, erythromycin 0.5% and tetracycline 1% ophthalmic ointments were recommended by the Centers for Disease Control Venereal Disease Control Division for prophylaxis of neonatal conjunctivitis. Erythromycin has proven at least as effective as silver nitrate for gonococcal prophylaxis, can prevent chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants born to Chlamydia-positive mothers, and is associated with minimal complications. Clinical studies, however, demonstrating significant differences between erythromycin and tetracycline ophthalmic ointments are lacking. Well-controlled clinical studies comparing silver nitrate, erythromycin, and tetracycline prophylaxis are needed to determine the relative effectiveness of these agents.
向新生儿眼部滴入1%的硝酸银溶液已被证明在预防淋菌性新生儿结膜炎方面有效。然而，硝酸银对新生儿结膜炎最常见的病因沙眼衣原体没有活性。此外，硝酸银通常会引起严重的化学刺激。由于这些原因，替代药物正受到越来越多的关注。最近，疾病控制中心性病控制司推荐使用0.5%的红霉素眼膏和1%的四环素眼膏来预防新生儿结膜炎。红霉素已被证明在预防淋病方面至少与硝酸银一样有效，可预防衣原体阳性母亲所生婴儿的衣原体结膜炎，且并发症极少。然而，缺乏能证明红霉素眼膏和四环素眼膏之间存在显著差异的临床研究。需要进行对照良好的临床研究来比较硝酸银、红霉素和四环素预防措施，以确定这些药物的相对有效性。
