Reiss E, Cherniak R, Eby R, Kaufman L
Diagn Immunol. 1984;2(2):109-15.
Antibodies against the major capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), and a minor secreted polysaccharide, galactoxylomannan (GalXM), were surveyed by indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in patients with cryptococcosis, with other mycoses, and in normal controls. Measurement of IgG levels against GalXM revealed cross reactions in candidiasis patients that were reduced by adsorption with Candida albicans cell walls. Measurement of IgM levels were subject to fewer cross reactions. The combination of adsorption with C albicans cell walls and measurement of IgM detected antibodies in 12 of 55 cryptococcosis patients. An end point equal to or greater than a titer of 1/16 excluded reactions in normals and limited cross reactivity in candidiasis patients to below 7%. This test has potential diagnostic significance in cryptococcosis patients who show no evidence of cryptococcal antigen circulating in the cerebrospinal fluid or serum. Reactions in this IgM assay were not spuriously due to rheumatoid factor. The major capsular GXM was much less serologically active and was subject to cross reactions with agents of bacterial sepsis. The specificity of the GalXM is directed mainly by the mannose and to a lesser extent by galactosyl residues.
采用间接酶免疫测定法（EIA）对隐球菌病患者、其他真菌病患者及正常对照者体内抗新型隐球菌主要荚膜多糖葡糖醛酸木聚糖甘露聚糖（GXM）和一种次要分泌多糖半乳糖木聚糖甘露聚糖（GalXM）的抗体进行了检测。针对GalXM的IgG水平检测显示，念珠菌病患者存在交叉反应，用白色念珠菌细胞壁吸附后交叉反应减弱。IgM水平检测的交叉反应较少。用白色念珠菌细胞壁吸附并检测IgM，在55例隐球菌病患者中有12例检测到抗体。终点滴度等于或大于1/16可排除正常对照者的反应，并将念珠菌病患者的交叉反应限制在7%以下。该检测对脑脊液或血清中未显示隐球菌抗原循环证据的隐球菌病患者具有潜在诊断意义。该IgM检测中的反应并非由类风湿因子引起的假性反应。主要荚膜GXM的血清学活性低得多，且与细菌败血症病原体存在交叉反应。GalXM的特异性主要由甘露糖决定，半乳糖基残基的作用较小。
