Baker L J, Dearborn M, Hastings J E, Hamberger K
Health Psychol. 1984;3(5):477-97. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.3.5.477.
This review focuses on characteristics of the Type A behavior pattern in women in studies of demographic characteristics, physiological responses, laboratory performance, and personality. With some exceptions, these characteristics parallel those previously described for Type A men. The incidence of Type A behavior in the United States is comparable for men and women when socioeconomic factors are controlled. Type A behavior in women is positively correlated with socioeconomic status, occupation, education, and incidence of coronary heart disease. Type A women tend to show greater autonomic arousal to laboratory stressors as well as greater time urgency and speed, more goal directedness, a preference to work alone under stress conditions, and more competitiveness/aggressiveness than Type B women. Type A positively correlates with various estimates of anger, hostility, and masculine sex role orientation. Depression and anxiety in Type A's are found to vary as a function of sex role orientation and locus of control. Methodological problems in the existing studies are discussed.
本综述聚焦于女性A型行为模式在人口统计学特征、生理反应、实验室表现及性格方面的研究特点。除了一些例外情况，这些特点与先前描述的A型男性的特点相似。当控制社会经济因素时，美国女性中A型行为的发生率与男性相当。女性的A型行为与社会经济地位、职业、教育程度及冠心病发病率呈正相关。与B型女性相比，A型女性在面对实验室压力源时往往表现出更强的自主神经兴奋，以及更强的时间紧迫感和速度感，更具目标导向性，在压力条件下更倾向于独自工作，且更具竞争性/攻击性。A型与愤怒、敌意及男性性别角色取向的各种评估呈正相关。研究发现，A型女性的抑郁和焦虑会因性别角色取向和控制点的不同而有所变化。文中还讨论了现有研究中的方法学问题。
