Bradsher R W, Ulmer W C
Chemotherapy. 1983;29(3):213-7. doi: 10.1159/000238199.
Neonatal meningitis is caused by group B streptococci (GBS), Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, in order of frequency. Newly developed cephalosporins with a broad spectrum of activity have altered the therapy of meningitis due to gram-negative bacilli. However, we found that clinical isolates of GBS and L. monocytogenes did not demonstrate uniform susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Antibiotic potencies for GBS tested were: cefotaxime, penicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, cefamandole, cephalothin, and moxalactam. N-formimidoyl thienamycin was most active for L. monocytogenes followed by penicillin, cephalothin and chloramphenicol; broad-spectrum cephalosporins were not active against Listeria organisms that were tested. These agents should not be utilized as solitary therapy of meningitis until the organism has been characterized with antibiotic susceptibilities.
新生儿脑膜炎依次由B族链球菌（GBS）、大肠杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌引起。新开发的具有广泛活性谱的头孢菌素改变了革兰氏阴性杆菌所致脑膜炎的治疗方法。然而，我们发现GBS和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的临床分离株对β-内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性并不一致。所测试的GBS的抗生素效力依次为：头孢噻肟、青霉素、头孢曲松、阿莫西林、头孢孟多、头孢噻吩和莫拉司亭。N-甲酰亚胺硫霉素对单核细胞增生李斯特菌最具活性，其次是青霉素、头孢噻吩和氯霉素；所测试的广谱头孢菌素对李斯特菌无活性。在对病原体进行抗生素敏感性鉴定之前，这些药物不应单独用作脑膜炎的治疗药物。
