Lemanske R F, Atkins F M, Metcalfe D D
J Pediatr. 1983 Aug;103(2):177-84. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80341-2.
The mast cell granule provides three distinct sources of mediators: (1) preformed and rapidly released (histamine), (2) secondarily formed and generated by the interaction of primary mediators and nearby cells and tissues (leukotrienes), and (3) granule matrix-derived, which are preformed but remain associated with the granule proteoglycans after discharge (proteases) (Table). The granule matrix and its associated mediators may remain in the tissue for hours until removed through degradation, dissolution, or phagocytosis. The events initiated by the mediators depend on the tissues into which they are released. Mediator discharge clearly initiates the events associated with immediate hypersensitivity; however, late-phase reactions occur in response to granule-derived mediators as well. Several manifestations that may result from the introduction of mast cell-derived products within the gastrointestinal tract are shown in Fig. 5. These include increased vascular permeability and secretion of mucus, effects on cell surface receptors, chemotaxis of various cell types, and smooth muscle contraction. Thus the mast cell, because of its unique anatomic location and mediators, may serve both as an initiator of acute inflammation and a propagator of chronic changes as well.
（1）预先形成并快速释放的（组胺），（2）由初级介质与附近细胞和组织相互作用而二次形成并产生的（白三烯），以及（3）源自颗粒基质的，这些介质预先形成，但在释放后仍与颗粒蛋白聚糖相关联（蛋白酶）（表）。颗粒基质及其相关介质可能会在组织中停留数小时，直到通过降解、溶解或吞噬作用被清除。由介质引发的事件取决于它们释放到的组织。介质释放显然引发了与速发型超敏反应相关的事件；然而，迟发性反应也会对颗粒衍生的介质产生反应。图5展示了胃肠道内引入肥大细胞衍生产物可能导致的几种表现。这些表现包括血管通透性增加和黏液分泌、对细胞表面受体的影响、各种细胞类型的趋化作用以及平滑肌收缩。因此，肥大细胞由于其独特的解剖位置和介质，可能既是急性炎症的启动者，也是慢性变化的传播者。
