Shukla H S, Gravelle I H, Hughes L E, Newcombe R G, Williams S
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 May 5;288(6427):1338-41. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6427.1338.
Mammary skin thickening shown on the mammogram was measured in 220 patients with non-inflammatory breast cancer, and the mean skin oedema was derived by taking the mean of five measurements from separate sites on the breast (upper part, lower part, medial part, lateral part, and areola) after subtracting the corresponding figures from the opposite (normal) breast. The prevalence of appreciable oedema (greater than 0.25 mm) was 70% for tumours less than 1 cm and 100% for tumours more than 3 cm in diameter. This measure of oedema correlated positively and significantly with tumour size and lymph node status. In a minimum of 60 months' follow up patients developing recurrence had significantly higher oedema values. The amount of oedema also predicted recurrence better than lymph node status, tumour size, or tumour stage. Oedema and tumour size, information available preoperatively, provide a simple means of assessing prognosis before definitive treatment.
对220例非炎性乳腺癌患者的乳房X线照片上显示的乳腺皮肤增厚情况进行了测量，通过从患侧乳房的不同部位（上部、下部、内侧、外侧及乳晕）进行五次测量，再减去对侧（正常）乳房相应部位的测量值，取其平均值得出平均皮肤水肿值。直径小于1cm的肿瘤出现明显水肿（大于0.25mm）的发生率为70%，直径大于3cm的肿瘤发生率为100%。这种水肿测量值与肿瘤大小及淋巴结状态呈显著正相关。在至少60个月的随访中，出现复发的患者水肿值显著更高。水肿程度对复发的预测比淋巴结状态、肿瘤大小或肿瘤分期更好。术前可得的水肿和肿瘤大小信息为确定治疗前评估预后提供了一种简单方法。
