McGee R F
ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1984 Jul;6(4):34-44.
Hope is a concept often relegated to the realm of the "soft" sciences; yet, the survival value of hope has been documented in both animals and humans. This article develops an operational definition of hope by synthesizing definitions from other disciplines, contrasts hope with hopelessness, and presents a model of hope that represents a reconceptualization of the concepts as applied to health and the crises of stress and transition. The model is presented for critical review, and methods of empirical testing are proposed.
希望通常被归为“软”科学领域的概念；然而，希望的生存价值在动物和人类身上都有记载。本文通过综合其他学科的定义来阐述希望的操作性定义，将希望与绝望进行对比，并提出一个希望模型，该模型重新界定了应用于健康以及压力和转变危机的相关概念。该模型供批判性审视，并提出了实证检验方法。
