Whittaker D K
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1984 Sep;66(5):313-8.
Destruction of diseased tissue in situ by means of freezing is well established in many branches of surgery. The tissues are apparently unaltered at thaw but progressive necrosis ensues. There is controversy as to whether tissue death is principally due to the direct effects of freezing or to subsequent ischaemia. Studies at the ultrastructural level show that ice-crystals are formed within the cells during cryosurgery, that resultant cell damage is osmotic rather than mechanical and that microcirculatory changes are secondary in terms of the chronological development of tissue necrosis.
通过冷冻原位破坏病变组织在许多外科分支中已得到充分确立。组织在解冻时表面上未发生改变，但随后会发生进行性坏死。关于组织死亡主要是由于冷冻的直接作用还是随后的局部缺血，存在争议。超微结构水平的研究表明，在冷冻手术过程中细胞内会形成冰晶，由此产生的细胞损伤是渗透性的而非机械性的，并且就组织坏死的时间发展而言，微循环变化是继发性的。
