Olafsson S H
Int J Oral Surg. 1984 Dec;13(6):495-505. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9785(84)80020-4.
Almost all facial fracture surgery in Iceland is performed in the hospitals in Reykjavik. Some information about the treatment of facial fractures at the City Hospital was published in the Icelandic Medical Journal in 1978. Apparently, no other research on facial fractures has been done here. This article, therefore, deals with 238 patients who sustained mandibular fracture in 1970-79. There was a marked increase in the incidence of fracture of the mandible during the research period, especially in 1974 and 1975. The total of fractures in women, 33%, was higher than in other countries. Assault was a major factor for both sexes. Especially interesting was the fact that beating and assault accounted for 46% of all mandibular fractures in women. Multiple fractures from beatings were commoner here in Iceland than in other countries. For the group as a whole, 52% of the patients had multiple fractures of the mandible. The incidence of fractures among those between 16 and 20 years of age was proportionately higher here than elsewhere due to car accidents and assault and battery. The types of fracture and area of occurrence in the mandible varied with the cause. Fractures of the corpus and angulus mandibulae were proportionately common, both because of the number of assault cases and also because the proportion of those who were edentulous, 19%, was higher than in other countries. Among the young, fracture of the processus condylaris was commonest, and up to age 30, when fracture of the corpus mandibulae was more likely. Fracture of the processus coronoideus never occurred alone. In all cases, it was accompanied by a fracture in another area of the mandible or zygomatic fracture, and this result is in accordance with the idea that the processus coronoideus almost never breaks alone, because of its location, its strength, and the attachment of the muscles.
冰岛几乎所有的面部骨折手术都在雷克雅未克的医院进行。1978年，《冰岛医学杂志》发表了一些关于市立医院面部骨折治疗的信息。显然，这里尚未开展其他关于面部骨折的研究。因此，本文探讨了1970年至1979年间发生下颌骨骨折的238例患者。在研究期间，下颌骨骨折的发生率显著上升，尤其是在1974年和1975年。女性骨折总数占33%，高于其他国家。袭击是男女骨折的主要因素。特别值得注意的是，殴打和袭击占女性所有下颌骨骨折的46%。在冰岛，因殴打导致的多发性骨折比其他国家更为常见。在整个研究组中，52%的患者发生了下颌骨多发性骨折。由于交通事故以及殴打和袭击，16至20岁人群中的骨折发生率相对高于其他地方。下颌骨的骨折类型和发生部位因病因不同而有所差异。下颌骨体部和下颌角骨折相对常见，这既是因为袭击案件数量较多，也是因为无牙患者的比例为19%，高于其他国家。在年轻人中，髁突骨折最为常见，在30岁之前，下颌骨体部骨折的可能性更大。喙突骨折从未单独发生过。在所有病例中，它都伴有下颌骨其他部位的骨折或颧骨骨折，这一结果与以下观点相符，即由于喙突的位置、强度以及肌肉附着情况，它几乎从不单独骨折。
