McCauley C, Parmelee C M, Sperber R D, Carr T H
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1980 May;6(2):265-76. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.6.2.265.
Two experiments were conducted in which subjects labeled target pictures preceded by either semantically related or unrelated prime pictures. The exposure duration of each prime was varied around a threshold value, established separately for each subject, that represented the minimum viewing time necessary to identify the prime picture with 100% accuracy. The results of the first study indicated that semantic-priming effects can be obtained with pictures at prime exposure durations too brief for conscious identification of the prime to occur. Data from the second experiment provided an estimate of the minimum exposure time necessary for priming under these conditions. There was evidence from both experiments that attaching a name to a picture is an attended operation that can interfere with naming a subsequent picture, independent of any semantic priming that might occur. This indicates that extracting the meaning from a picture and consciously identifying it may be separate processes. The results are discussed in terms of current models of picture perception.
进行了两项实验，实验中让受试者对目标图片进行标注，这些目标图片之前分别呈现语义相关或不相关的启动图片。每个启动图片的呈现时长围绕一个阈值变化，该阈值为每个受试者单独确定，代表以100%的准确率识别启动图片所需的最短观看时间。第一项研究的结果表明，在启动图片呈现时长过短以至于无法有意识地识别启动图片的情况下，也能获得语义启动效应。第二项实验的数据提供了在此类条件下启动所需的最短呈现时间的估计值。两项实验均有证据表明，给图片命名是一个需要关注的操作，它会干扰对后续图片的命名，而与可能发生的任何语义启动无关。这表明从图片中提取意义并进行有意识的识别可能是两个不同的过程。将根据当前的图片感知模型对结果进行讨论。
