Lloyd-Jones T J, Humphreys G W
Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, England.
Mem Cognit. 1997 Sep;25(5):606-24. doi: 10.3758/bf03211303.
Four experiments are reported examining the locus of structural similarity effects in picture recognition and naming with normal subjects. Subjects carried out superordinate categorization and naming tasks with picture and word forms of clothing, furniture, fruit, and vegetable exemplars. The main findings were as follows: (1) Responses to pictures of fruit and vegetables ("structurally similar" objects) were slowed relative to pictures of clothing and furniture ("structurally dissimilar" objects). This structural similarity difference was greater for picture naming than for superordinate categorization of pictures. (2) Structural similarity effects in picture naming were reduced by repetition priming. Repetition priming effects were equivalent from picture and word naming as prime tasks. (3) However, superordinate categorization of the prime did not produce the structural similarity effects on priming found for picture naming. Furthermore, such priming effects did not arise for picture or word categorization or for reading picture names as target tasks. It is proposed that structural similarity effects on priming object processing are located in processes mapping semantic representations of pictures to name representations required to select names for objects. Visually based competition between fruit and vegetables produces competition in name selection, which is reduced by priming the mappings between semantic and name representations.
本文报告了四项实验，研究正常受试者在图片识别和命名中结构相似性效应的位置。受试者对服装、家具、水果和蔬菜样本的图片及文字形式进行上位分类和命名任务。主要研究结果如下：（1）相对于服装和家具的图片（“结构不相似”的物体），对水果和蔬菜图片（“结构相似”的物体）的反应速度较慢。这种结构相似性差异在图片命名中比在图片的上位分类中更大。（2）重复启动降低了图片命名中的结构相似性效应。作为启动任务，图片和文字命名的重复启动效应相当。（3）然而，启动刺激的上位分类并未对图片命名中发现的启动产生结构相似性效应。此外，对于图片或文字分类或作为目标任务读取图片名称，这种启动效应并未出现。研究认为，启动物体加工中的结构相似性效应位于将图片的语义表征映射到为物体选择名称所需的名称表征的过程中。水果和蔬菜之间基于视觉的竞争在名称选择中产生竞争，通过启动语义和名称表征之间的映射可以减少这种竞争。
