Davis G M, Kofsky P R, Kelsey J C, Shephard R J
Can Med Assoc J. 1981 Dec 15;125(12):1317-23.
The classification of lower-limb disabilities is commonly based on the site of the spinal cord lesion or the amount of functional muscle. Another important variable in assessing wheelchair users is their ability to carry out the activities of daily living. The cardiorespiratory fitness of those with lower-limb disabilities is usually assessed with arm-ergometry and wheelchair tests, each of which has some advantages. Muscle strength and endurance are also important aspects of the disabled person's ability to function. Fitness is often poor in the disabled, and normal wheelchair use does not seem to prove an adequate training stimulus. Exercise with an arm ergometer and with pulleys and participation in vigorous wheelchair sports can improve physical condition. Participation in exercise programs should be based on the results of a fitness assessment and on the level of the spinal cord lesion in those with paraplegia. Progression in such programs should be gradual to ensure that the exerciser does not become discouraged and drop out of classes before fitness is increased. Data on wheelchair athletes suggest that, with persistence, many individuals in wheelchairs can adjust relatively well to their disabilities.
下肢残疾的分类通常基于脊髓损伤的部位或功能性肌肉的数量。评估轮椅使用者的另一个重要变量是他们进行日常生活活动的能力。下肢残疾者的心肺适能通常通过手臂测力计和轮椅测试来评估，每种方法都有一些优点。肌肉力量和耐力也是残疾人功能能力的重要方面。残疾人的健康状况通常较差，正常使用轮椅似乎并不能提供足够的训练刺激。使用手臂测力计和滑轮进行锻炼以及参与激烈的轮椅运动可以改善身体状况。参与锻炼计划应基于健康评估结果以及截瘫患者的脊髓损伤水平。此类计划的进展应循序渐进，以确保锻炼者不会气馁并在体能增强之前退出课程。关于轮椅运动员的数据表明，只要坚持不懈，许多轮椅使用者能够较好地适应自身残疾状况。
