Van Meerhaeghe A, Sergysels R
Rev Mal Respir. 1984;1(2):75-9.
The authors review the recent literature on hypercapnia at rest and on exertion in patients suffering from chronic airflow obstruction. At rest, the data in the literature has shown that for varying degrees of airflow obstruction, chronic hypercapnic patients show similar occlusion pressures to normocapnic patients. (The occlusion pressure is an index of the amplitude of neuro-muscular signals coming from the respiratory centre). However, their respiratory profile is characterised by a smaller tidal volume due to a reduction of the inspiratory time and often of a more rapid respiratory rate at a lower minute ventilation (VE). This pattern alone could explain CO2 retention by alveolar hypoventilation. On effort, various authors have shown that hypercapnic patients, or those becoming so during exercise, differ from normals by adopting a ventilatory pattern characterised by a reduction in ventilation linked to their airflow obstruction and a smaller tidal volume. The limited increase in tidal volume on effort is dependent on the duration of inspiration and the reduction of vital capacity and inspiratory capacity. As at rest, the two populations cannot be distinguished in terms of occlusion pressure.
作者回顾了近期有关慢性气流阻塞患者静息和运动时高碳酸血症的文献。在静息状态下，文献数据表明，对于不同程度的气流阻塞，慢性高碳酸血症患者与正常碳酸血症患者的阻塞压相似。（阻塞压是来自呼吸中枢的神经肌肉信号幅度的指标）。然而，他们的呼吸特征是潮气量较小，这是由于吸气时间缩短，且在较低分钟通气量（VE）时呼吸频率往往更快。仅这种模式就可以通过肺泡通气不足来解释二氧化碳潴留。在运动时，不同作者表明，高碳酸血症患者或运动时出现高碳酸血症的患者与正常人不同，他们采用的通气模式的特点是与气流阻塞相关的通气减少和潮气量较小。运动时潮气量增加有限取决于吸气持续时间以及肺活量和吸气量的减少。与静息时一样，在阻塞压方面无法区分这两类人群。
