Kennedy B, Janowsky D S, Risch S C, Ziegler M G
J Clin Invest. 1984 Sep;74(3):972-5. doi: 10.1172/JCI111517.
Cholinergic drugs administered into the cerebral ventricles of animals selectively stimulate the adrenal medulla. However, the effects of central cholinergic stimulation on the sympathoadrenal system have not been studied in man. We stimulated central cholinergic activity in man by administering the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine to subjects pretreated with peripheral cholinergic blocking agents. A dose of 0.022 mg/kg physostigmine dramatically increased plasma epinephrine levels and slightly increased norepinephrine levels, which is consistent with selective adrenomedullary stimulation. A smaller dose of physostigmine increased epinephrine but did not alter norepinephrine levels. Subjects had increased pulse rates and blood pressures, and felt anxious while they had high plasma epinephrine levels.
向动物脑室注射胆碱能药物可选择性刺激肾上腺髓质。然而，中枢胆碱能刺激对人交感肾上腺系统的影响尚未得到研究。我们通过向预先使用外周胆碱能阻滞剂治疗的受试者施用胆碱酯酶抑制剂毒扁豆碱来刺激人中枢胆碱能活性。剂量为0.022mg/kg的毒扁豆碱显著提高血浆肾上腺素水平，并轻微提高去甲肾上腺素水平，这与选择性肾上腺髓质刺激一致。较小剂量的毒扁豆碱可提高肾上腺素水平，但不改变去甲肾上腺素水平。受试者在血浆肾上腺素水平较高时脉搏率和血压升高，并感到焦虑。
