Sass L A, Gunderson J G, Singer M T, Wynne L C
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1984 Sep;172(9):513-20. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198409000-00001.
In a step beyond earlier research on parental communication deviance (CD) and schizophrenia, more specific links between these phenomena were investigated. First, subtypes of schizophrenia were distinguished by amount of formal thought disorder, and two forms of parental CD--called the "disorganized" and the "evasive" types--were qualitatively distinguished. In a sample of young adult male patients, it was found that schizophrenics who manifested definite and severe formal thought disorder had parents with much CD in their speech (especially the disorganized type). In contrast, male paranoid schizophrenics with constricted forms of thinking had parents whose level of CD was lower (and was comparable to that of the parents of the nonschizophrenic controls). This suggests that parental CD may be better understood as specifically associated with cognitive disorganization in the offspring, rather than with overall DSM-III or DSM-II criteria for schizophrenia.
在超越早期关于父母沟通偏差（CD）与精神分裂症研究的基础上，对这些现象之间更具体的联系进行了调查。首先，根据形式思维障碍的程度区分了精神分裂症的亚型，并从质的方面区分了两种形式的父母CD——称为“混乱型”和“回避型”。在一组年轻成年男性患者样本中发现，表现出明确且严重形式思维障碍的精神分裂症患者，其父母在言语中存在大量的CD（尤其是混乱型）。相比之下，思维形式受限的男性偏执型精神分裂症患者的父母，其CD水平较低（与非精神分裂症对照组的父母相当）。这表明，父母的CD可能更应被理解为与后代的认知紊乱具体相关，而非与精神分裂症的总体《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III）或第二版（DSM-II）标准相关。
