Marcucella H, Munro I, MacDonall J S
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1984 Sep;230(3):658-64.
The present experiment demonstrated that patterns of ethanol consumption can be controlled by altering the schedule of ethanol availability. Thirty-two male albino rats, maintained at 80% of their ad libitum weight, were first exposed to 10 base-line sessions in which access to either 8 or 32% ethanol was unrestricted. Each subject was then exposed to one of four restricted access schedules for 30 sessions. During each 23-hr session, the ethanol access period was held constant at 20 min while the time between ethanol access periods was either 70, 160, 340 or 700 min. After restricted access, all subjects were returned to unrestricted access for 10 sessions. Water was continually available throughout the experiment. When ethanol access periods occurred every 70 or 160 min, animals at both concentrations consumed more ethanol (grams per kilogram) than during the initial period of unrestricted access. When the time between ethanol access periods was 340 or 700 min, animals consumed an equal amount or half as much, respectively, as during unrestricted access. Analysis of responding revealed that the mean amount of ethanol consumed per bout was greater during restricted than during unrestricted access. The longer the time between access periods the greater the amount consumed per bout. Upon return to unrestricted access, total daily consumption increased, but the amount consumed per bout decreased to base-line levels.
本实验表明，通过改变乙醇供应时间表可以控制乙醇的消费模式。将32只雄性白化大鼠维持在其自由进食体重的80%，首先让它们接受10个基线实验阶段，在此期间，它们可以不受限制地获取8%或32%的乙醇。然后，让每只大鼠接受四种限制获取时间表中的一种，持续30个实验阶段。在每个23小时的实验阶段中，乙醇获取时间段保持恒定为20分钟，而乙醇获取时间段之间的时间间隔分别为70、160、340或700分钟。在限制获取之后，所有大鼠都恢复到不受限制获取状态，持续10个实验阶段。在整个实验过程中，水始终可供饮用。当乙醇获取时间段每70或160分钟出现一次时，两种浓度下的动物消耗的乙醇（克/千克）都比最初不受限制获取阶段更多。当乙醇获取时间段之间的时间为340或700分钟时，动物分别消耗了与不受限制获取阶段相等或一半的量。对反应的分析表明，在限制获取期间，每次饮酒消耗的乙醇平均量比不受限制获取期间更大。获取时间段之间的时间间隔越长，每次饮酒消耗的量就越大。恢复到不受限制获取状态后，每日总消费量增加，但每次饮酒消耗的量降至基线水平。
