Gristina A G, Costerton J W
Orthop Clin North Am. 1984 Jul;15(3):517-35.
Bacteria produce a virulence-related polysaccharide exocellular slime (the glycocalyx), which preferentially adheres to the surfaces of biomaterials and compromised tissues. This biofilm resists antibiotic penetration and provides a degree of protection from antibodies and macrophages. Similar adhesive cell-to-substrate phenomena have been noted in natural environments and in bacterial-animal cell disease states. The adherent glycocalyx is one of the fundamental reasons for increased susceptibility to infection in the presence of biomaterials and compromised tissues and a significant factor in the persistence of such infection until the removal of the prosthetic device.
细菌产生一种与毒力相关的胞外多糖黏液（糖萼），它优先黏附于生物材料表面和受损组织。这种生物膜可抵抗抗生素渗透，并提供一定程度的保护，使其免受抗体和巨噬细胞的攻击。在自然环境以及细菌与动物细胞疾病状态中，也观察到了类似的细胞与底物黏附现象。附着的糖萼是在存在生物材料和受损组织时易感染的根本原因之一，也是此类感染持续存在直至移除假体装置的重要因素。
