Queiroz L S, Santo Neto H, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Prado-Franceschi J
Toxicon. 1984;22(3):339-46. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(84)90077-1.
The lesions caused by sublethal doses of Bothrops jararacussu venom injected into tibialis anterior (tib. ant.) muscles of mice were studied with paraffin sections. Doses of 5 and 20 micrograms produced a large area of necrosis in tib. ant., but hardly affected neighbouring muscles. Phagocytosis of necrotic remnants was followed by marked regeneration of the muscle fibres. Within two weeks of the 5 micrograms dose there was recovery to near normal appearance and slight fibrosis. With 20 micrograms, a circumscribed scar and stronger interstitial fibrosis developed in the tib. ant. Most regenerated muscle fibres were small, but varied in diameter, retained central nuclei for three months (the longest survival) and were surrounded by collagen. Doses of 80 and 200 micrograms produced widespread coagulative necrosis of tib. ant., though neighbouring leg muscles were relatively spared. Myonecrosis was evident microscopically at 10 min, and over the next week the necrotic muscle remained acellular and devoid of inflammatory reaction except at the very edge. Blood vessels within and outside tib. ant. often became hyalinized and thrombosed. Phagocytosis of debris proceeded from the periphery, and after two weeks the muscle was replaced by fibro-adipose tissue. There was little if any muscle fibre regeneration. Abscesses developed in the vicinity of the injection site in several mice receiving high venom doses, but never after low doses or saline. Muscle necrosis after B. jararacussu venom seems due primarily to direct action of the venom, though vascular thrombosis and ischaemia may contribute. The venom can cause fibrosis of muscle and hinder or prevent muscle fibre regeneration.
用石蜡切片研究了将亚致死剂量的巴西矛头蝮蛇毒注射到小鼠胫前肌后所引起的损伤。5微克和20微克的剂量在胫前肌产生了大面积坏死，但对邻近肌肉几乎没有影响。坏死残余物被吞噬后，肌纤维显著再生。5微克剂量注射后两周内，肌肉外观恢复至接近正常，仅有轻微纤维化。20微克剂量时，胫前肌出现局限性瘢痕和更严重的间质纤维化。大多数再生肌纤维较小，但直径各异，在长达三个月（最长存活时间）内保留中央核，并被胶原纤维包围。80微克和200微克的剂量导致胫前肌广泛的凝固性坏死，不过邻近的腿部肌肉相对未受影响。注射后10分钟镜下可见明显的肌坏死，在接下来的一周内，坏死肌肉除边缘外无细胞且无炎症反应。胫前肌内外的血管常发生玻璃样变和血栓形成。坏死碎片从周边开始被吞噬，两周后肌肉被纤维脂肪组织替代。几乎没有肌纤维再生。几只接受高剂量蛇毒注射的小鼠在注射部位附近出现脓肿，但低剂量注射或注射生理盐水后从未出现。巴西矛头蝮蛇毒导致的肌肉坏死似乎主要是由于蛇毒的直接作用，尽管血管血栓形成和缺血可能也有一定作用。该蛇毒可导致肌肉纤维化，并阻碍或阻止肌纤维再生。
