Gutiérrez J M, Ownby C L, Odell G V
Toxicon. 1984;22(5):719-31. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(84)90155-7.
Skeletal muscle regeneration was studied following injections of Bothrops asper venom and a myotoxin isolated from the crude venom. In toxin-injected muscle regeneration proceeded normally. By 4 days there were myotubes and small regenerating cells. The size of the cells increased by 1 and 2 weeks, and by 4 weeks regenerating cells were fully developed. The regenerated cells retained centrally located nuclei. The regenerative process in venom-injected muscle was not completely normal--by 1 and 2 weeks four main areas, based on the predominant cell type present, were observed in the tissue: (a) necrotic muscle cells; (b) regenerating muscle cells; (c) fibroblasts and collagen; (d) adipocytes. Furthermore, some nerve fibers were demyelinated. Samples obtained 4 weeks after venom injection showed an almost complete regeneration in many areas, whereas in other areas nests of small regenerating cells were surrounded by portions of adipose tissue and collagen. At four weeks regenerating cells in venom-injected muscle were significantly smaller than cells in toxin-injected and saline-injected muscles. There was a significant reduction in capillary/muscle cell ratio in areas of the muscle where hemorrhage and myonecrosis were present 30 min after injection of B. asper venom. Since B. asper venom drastically affects the microvasculature, it is proposed that impairment of regeneration after injection of crude venom is a consequence of diminished blood supply to some areas of the muscle.
在注射了矛头蝮蛇毒以及从粗毒液中分离出的一种肌毒素后，对骨骼肌再生进行了研究。在注射毒素的肌肉中，再生过程正常进行。到第4天时出现了肌管和小的再生细胞。细胞大小在1周和2周时增加，到4周时再生细胞已完全发育。再生细胞的细胞核保留在中央位置。注射毒液的肌肉中的再生过程并不完全正常——在1周和2周时，根据组织中主要的细胞类型观察到四个主要区域：(a)坏死的肌肉细胞；(b)再生的肌肉细胞；(c)成纤维细胞和胶原蛋白；(d)脂肪细胞。此外，一些神经纤维发生了脱髓鞘。注射毒液4周后获得的样本显示，许多区域几乎完全再生，而在其他区域，小的再生细胞巢被脂肪组织和胶原蛋白部分包围。在4周时，注射毒液的肌肉中的再生细胞明显小于注射毒素和注射生理盐水的肌肉中的细胞。在注射矛头蝮蛇毒30分钟后出现出血和肌坏死的肌肉区域，毛细血管/肌肉细胞比率显著降低。由于矛头蝮蛇毒对微血管有显著影响，因此有人提出，注射粗毒液后再生受损是肌肉某些区域血液供应减少的结果。
