Chen C F, Yen T S, Chen W Y, Chapman B J, Munday K A
Toxicon. 1984;22(3):433-9. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(84)90087-4.
Grass carp bile, sometimes eaten by Chinese people, has previously been shown to induce acute renal failure in man and to result in the death of experimental mice and rats. A toxic extract from the bile acid fraction of grass carp bile (LD50 109 mg/kg) was injected into pentobarbitone anesthetized rats and an increase in urinary excretion of water and salts was produced. The bile extract also caused a prompt fall in systemic arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. It was also found, in vitro, that the bile salts caused a potent hemolysis. The hypothesis that hemoglobin is released from hemolysed red blood corpuscles and might be responsible for the long term renal functional damage is considered. Another alternative hypothesis is that the hypotension induced by the bile toxin may result in renal underperfusion and thus make the kidney more susceptible to the nephrotoxic action of the grass carp bile.
中国人有时会食用草鱼胆，此前已有研究表明，草鱼胆可导致人类急性肾衰竭，并致使实验小鼠和大鼠死亡。将草鱼胆胆汁酸部分的有毒提取物（半数致死量为109毫克/千克）注射到戊巴比妥麻醉的大鼠体内，会使水和盐的尿排泄量增加。胆汁提取物还会导致体循环动脉血压和心输出量迅速下降。此外，体外实验发现，胆汁盐会引起强烈的溶血作用。研究考虑了这样一种假设，即血红蛋白从溶血的红细胞中释放出来，可能是导致长期肾功能损害的原因。另一种假设是，胆汁毒素引起的低血压可能导致肾脏灌注不足，从而使肾脏更容易受到草鱼胆的肾毒性作用。
