Skuse D
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1984 Oct;25(4):543-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1984.tb00172.x.
Five previously published and one novel case history of children who suffered extreme deprivation in early childhood are reviewed. Aspects of cognitive, emotional and social development are subject to critical appraisal and three main issues, central to theories about the origins of developmental disorders, are addressed. Firstly, what minimal experiences during childhood are sufficient and necessary for normal psychological development? Secondly, are there critical periods in development during which inadequate exposure to certain experiences has long-lasting or permanent sequelae? Thirdly, what minimal compensatory influences are necessary to alleviate psychological handicaps resulting from an adverse early environment?
回顾了五个先前发表的以及一个新的儿童早期遭受极度剥夺的病例史。对认知、情感和社会发展方面进行了批判性评估，并探讨了发育障碍起源理论中的三个主要问题。首先，童年时期哪些最少的经历对于正常心理发展是充分且必要的？其次，在发育过程中是否存在关键期，在此期间接触某些经历不足会产生长期或永久性后果？第三，需要哪些最少的补偿性影响来减轻早期不良环境导致的心理障碍？
