Fermanian J
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1984;32(2):140-7.
The degree of concordance between two observers in the qualitative case is represented by the kappa coefficient (with or without weighting). The practical use of kappa is specified. The variances of kappa estimates under the null hypothesis (independence of the classifications) and for any value of kappa are given, together with the conditions for their use in statistical testing.
在定性情况下，两位观察者之间的一致性程度由kappa系数（加权或未加权）表示。文中规定了kappa的实际用途。给出了在原假设（分类独立）下kappa估计值的方差以及kappa任意值的方差，同时还给出了它们在统计检验中的使用条件。
