Fripp R R, Werner J C, Whitman V, Nordenberg A, Waldhausen J A
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984 Nov;4(5):1012-4. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80064-9.
Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to make the anatomic diagnosis of aortico-left ventricular tunnel in a 1 day old infant. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography allowed directional flow to be determined within the tunnel. The findings were confirmed by cardiac catheterization and by direct visualization at the time of surgical repair. Aortic valve insufficiency was excluded before and after surgery using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The anatomy and physiology of aortico-left ventricular tunnel can thus be documented using noninvasive techniques.
二维超声心动图用于对一名1日龄婴儿的主动脉-左心室隧道进行解剖诊断。脉冲多普勒超声心动图可确定隧道内的血流方向。这些发现通过心导管检查及手术修复时的直接观察得以证实。使用脉冲多普勒超声心动图在手术前后排除了主动脉瓣关闭不全。因此，可使用非侵入性技术记录主动脉-左心室隧道的解剖结构和生理情况。
