Adkinson N F
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984 Oct;74(4 Pt 2):567-72. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90108-8.
Judging from available data on penicillin allergy there appear to be multiple definable risk factors for drug-induced immunopathology. The induction of a drug-specific immune response can be influenced by the age of the patient; underlying genetic or metabolic factors, which may restrict ability to initiate a drug-specific immune response; the chemical properties of the drug, largely its protein reactivity; and the dose and duration of treatment as well as the route of drug administration. The elicitation of drug-induced immunopathology is a function of the persistence of a drug-specific immune response; the frequency of drug treatment and its dose and duration; and probable constitutional factors that may determine in an important way the efficiency with which a drug-specific immune response can be translated into a systemic allergic reaction.
从现有的青霉素过敏数据来看，药物诱导的免疫病理学似乎存在多种可明确的危险因素。药物特异性免疫反应的诱导可能受患者年龄的影响；潜在的遗传或代谢因素，这可能会限制引发药物特异性免疫反应的能力；药物的化学性质，主要是其蛋白质反应性；以及治疗的剂量、持续时间和给药途径。药物诱导的免疫病理学的引发取决于药物特异性免疫反应的持续时间；药物治疗的频率及其剂量和持续时间；以及可能的体质因素，这些因素可能在很大程度上决定药物特异性免疫反应转化为全身性过敏反应的效率。
