Clinical characteristics associated with the development of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment.

Approximately one in four patients experiences nausea and/or vomiting in anticipation of a chemotherapy treatment by the time of their fourth treatment cycle. Anticipatory nausea and vomiting is a prevalent problem of clinical significance in the total management of chemotherapy side effects. While refractory to standard antiemetic treatment, anticipatory nausea and vomiting has been successfully treated with behavioral approaches such as systemic desensitization. The present study was designed to identify the characteristics of patients at high risk for developing anticipatory side effects. Early identification of cancer patients prone to developing anticipatory side effects could lead to preventive measures. One hundred seventy-six consecutive ambulatory patients with histologically confirmed cancer who were being treated at three geographically separate hospitals of the University of Rochester Cancer Center were studied at the time of their fourth chemotherapy treatment. Patients found to experience anticipatory nausea and vomiting were significantly more likely (P less than .001) to have four or more of the following characteristics than patients who did not report anticipatory side effects: (1) less than 50 years of age; (2) the experience of nausea and/or vomiting after their last chemotherapy treatment; (3) a description of nausea after the last treatment as "moderate, severe, or intolerable"; (4) a description of vomiting after the last treatment as "moderate, severe, or intolerable"; (5) the reporting of the side effect "warm or hot all over" after their last treatment; (6) a susceptibility to motion sickness; (7) the experience of "sweating after their last treatment"; (8) and the experience of "generalized weakness after their last chemotherapy treatment." Results support a view that anticipatory side effects are conditioned and point to practical interventions for their clinical control.