Vasterling J, Jenkins R A, Tope D M, Burish T G
Veterans Administration Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70146.
J Behav Med. 1993 Feb;16(1):65-80. doi: 10.1007/BF00844755.
Sixty cancer chemotherapy patients were randomly assigned to one of six conditions formed by a 3(cognitive distraction, relaxation training, no intervention) x 2(high anxiety, low anxiety) factorial design. All patients were followed for five consecutive chemotherapy sessions. Outcome measures included patient reports, nurse observations, and physiological indices. Results indicated that distraction patients reported less nausea prior to chemotherapy and lower systolic blood pressures after chemotherapy than controls. Relaxation training patients reported less nausea prior to chemotherapy and exhibited lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures after chemotherapy than control patients. There were no significant differences between distraction and relaxation training patients on any measure. Patients with high initial levels of anxiety exhibited continually elevated levels of distress throughout the chemotherapy experience; however, anxiety level did not interact with the effectiveness of the treatment interventions. Overall, the data support the use of both cognitive distraction and relaxation training for reducing the distress of chemotherapy with both high and low-anxiety patients and suggest that at least some of the effects of relaxation training can be achieved with distraction alone.
60名癌症化疗患者被随机分配到由3（认知分散、放松训练、无干预）×2（高焦虑、低焦虑）析因设计构成的六种条件之一。所有患者连续接受五个化疗疗程。结果指标包括患者报告、护士观察和生理指标。结果表明，与对照组相比，采用认知分散法的患者在化疗前恶心感较轻，化疗后收缩压较低。采用放松训练法的患者在化疗前恶心感较轻，化疗后收缩压和舒张压均低于对照组患者。在任何指标上，采用认知分散法的患者和采用放松训练法的患者之间均无显著差异。初始焦虑水平较高的患者在整个化疗过程中痛苦水平持续升高；然而，焦虑水平与治疗干预的效果没有相互作用。总体而言，数据支持对高焦虑和低焦虑患者都采用认知分散和放松训练来减轻化疗痛苦，并表明仅通过认知分散就能实现放松训练的至少部分效果。
