Madsen N, McLaughlin T
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984 Aug;16(4):376-81.
The purpose of this research was to identify kinematic factors that could be relevant to performance and injury risk in the bench press. The methods used included: use of high-speed, 2D cinematographic procedures to record the performances of 36 subjects (19 experts and 17 novices), determination of the kinematic and kinetic differences between the groups, and identification of a rationale describing how those kinematic differences could lead to the kinetic differences. Kinematic factors so identified could influence performance and injury risk. In addition to the fact that experts were able to lift 79% more weight than the novices, the pertinent kinetic differences included the following: 1) the difference in peak force exerted while lowering the bar was only 43%; 2) the difference in peak force exerted while raising the bar was only 45%; and 3) the difference in minimum force exerted while raising the bar was 87%. There was no significant difference in torque required at the shoulder. The relevant kinematic differences were: 1) the expert group maintained a smaller bar speed while lowering the bar, 2) the expert group used a bar path closer to the shoulders; and 3) the expert group used a different sequence of bar movements. The roles of these kinematic factors in the bench press merit further investigation.
本研究的目的是确定与卧推运动表现和受伤风险相关的运动学因素。所采用的方法包括：使用高速二维摄像程序记录36名受试者（19名专家和17名新手）的表现，确定两组之间的运动学和动力学差异，以及确定一个理论依据来描述这些运动学差异如何导致动力学差异。如此确定的运动学因素可能会影响运动表现和受伤风险。除了专家能够比新手多举起79%的重量这一事实外，相关的动力学差异还包括以下几点：1）放下杠铃时施加的峰值力差异仅为43%；2）举起杠铃时施加的峰值力差异仅为45%；3）举起杠铃时施加的最小力差异为87%。肩部所需的扭矩没有显著差异。相关的运动学差异为：1）专家组在放下杠铃时保持较小的杠铃速度；2）专家组使用的杠铃路径更靠近肩部；3）专家组使用了不同的杠铃运动顺序。这些运动学因素在卧推中的作用值得进一步研究。
