Duncan S G, Reed S M
Mod Vet Pract. 1984 Aug;65(8):601-5.
In horses with large bowel disease, those with circulating endotoxins but no evidence of altered hemostasis had a good prognosis for survival. Those with circulating endotoxins and evidence of altered hemostasis (fibrin degradation products) had a poor prognosis. Portal vein infusion of endotoxins over 24 hours caused hoof discomfort, evidenced by shifting of weight and standing with all 4 feet together, and a decreased hoof temperature. Clinical signs appeared within 30 minutes of initiation of infusion and subsided within 4 hours despite continued infusion. Long-term heparin therapy results in rapid depletion of RBC but no detectable bleeding. Heparin therapy should be initiated before colic surgery is begun. Coagulation is monitored with the activated partial thromboplastin time. Heparin should initially be given IV, followed by SC or intrafat injections, and should never be given IM. The anticoagulative effects of heparin can be reversed with protamine sulfate.
在患有大肠疾病的马匹中，那些体内有循环内毒素但无止血功能改变迹象的马匹生存预后良好。而那些体内有循环内毒素且有止血功能改变（纤维蛋白降解产物）迹象的马匹预后较差。门静脉内24小时输注内毒素会导致蹄部不适，表现为体重转移和四蹄并拢站立，同时蹄部温度降低。输注开始后30分钟内出现临床症状，尽管持续输注，但症状在4小时内消退。长期肝素治疗会导致红细胞迅速消耗，但未检测到出血情况。肝素治疗应在结肠手术开始前启动。使用活化部分凝血活酶时间监测凝血情况。肝素最初应静脉注射，随后皮下注射或脂肪内注射，绝不能肌肉注射。硫酸鱼精蛋白可逆转肝素的抗凝作用。
