Feige K, Schwarzwald C C, Bombeli Th
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, University Animal Hospital, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Equine Vet J. 2003 Jul;35(5):506-13. doi: 10.2746/042516403775600514.
Unfractioned heparin (UFH) is widely used for prophylaxis of coagulation disorders, especially in colic-affected horses. However, it is accompanied by certain side effects.
To compare the efficacy and side effects of unfractioned and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in horses with colic.
The study was carried out as a randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Fifty-two horses with colic were treated subcutaneously with either UFH (heparin calcium, 150 iu/kg bwt initially, followed by 125 iu/kg bwt q. 12 h for 3 days and then 100 iu/kg bwt q. 12 h) or LMWH (dalteparin, 50 iu/kg bwt q. 24 h). All horses underwent daily physical examination including assessment of jugular veins, local reaction to heparin injections, haematological evaluation and coagulation profiles over up to 9 days.
The type of heparin used did not affect the general behaviour and condition. There were significantly more jugular vein changes in horses treated with UFH. Packed cell volume decreased significantly within the first few days of UFH treatment, but did not change significantly in horses treated with LMWH. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) were prolonged in horses treated with UFH but not in those treated with LMWH.
It was concluded that, in comparison to UFH, LMWH has markedly fewer side effects in horses.
Therefore, LMWH is recommended for prophylaxis of coagulation disorders in colic patients.
普通肝素（UFH）被广泛用于预防凝血障碍，尤其是在患有绞痛的马匹中。然而，它会伴随某些副作用。
比较普通肝素和低分子肝素（LMWH）在患有绞痛的马匹中的疗效和副作用。
本研究作为一项随机、双盲、对照临床试验进行。52匹患有绞痛的马匹被皮下注射UFH（肝素钙，初始剂量为150 iu/kg体重，随后每12小时125 iu/kg体重，持续3天，然后每12小时100 iu/kg体重）或LMWH（达肝素，每24小时50 iu/kg体重）。所有马匹每天进行体格检查，包括评估颈静脉、肝素注射的局部反应、血液学评估以及长达9天的凝血指标。
所使用的肝素类型不影响马匹的总体行为和状况。接受UFH治疗的马匹颈静脉变化明显更多。在UFH治疗的最初几天内，红细胞压积显著下降，但接受LMWH治疗的马匹中没有显著变化。接受UFH治疗的马匹活化部分凝血活酶时间（aPTT）和凝血酶时间（TT）延长，但接受LMWH治疗的马匹没有。
得出的结论是，与UFH相比，LMWH在马匹中的副作用明显更少。
因此，推荐LMWH用于预防绞痛患者的凝血障碍。
