Kegel W
Rontgenblatter. 1984 Sep;37(9):307-11.
Diseases of the male mammary gland are clinically manifested as unilateral or bilateral, well-defined or diffuse consolidations in the breast. In some cases, the affected tissues are extremely tender on pressure. Gynaecomastia is most frequently seen (n = 22), whereas inflammatory or tumourous changes of the glandular parenchyma are rare (n = 2). The most important causes of gynaecomastia are shifts in hormonal balance where the controlling impulses acting on the glandular parenchyma are enhanced. Gynaecomastia is frequently found in patients who have cirrhosis of the liver or are taking certain drugs. 29 cases are described from the author's own patient material. The radiological image, the clinical findings, the possible aetiological aspects, as well as histological findings, if any, are described and discussed in relation to literature. Closer examination of this poly-aetiological disease pattern--namely, swelling of the male mammary gland--leads to a number of interesting differential diagnoses which sometimes require internistic and endocrinological clarification before the correct diagnosis can be found.
男性乳腺疾病的临床表现为单侧或双侧乳房出现边界清晰或弥漫性的硬结。在某些情况下，受压时受影响的组织会极度疼痛。男性乳腺增生最为常见（n = 22），而腺实质的炎症或肿瘤性改变则较为罕见（n = 2）。男性乳腺增生的最重要原因是激素平衡的改变，作用于腺实质的控制冲动增强。男性乳腺增生常见于患有肝硬化或正在服用某些药物的患者。本文根据作者自己的患者资料描述了29个病例。结合文献对放射影像学表现、临床发现、可能的病因以及组织学发现（如有）进行了描述和讨论。对这种多病因疾病模式——即男性乳腺肿胀——进行更仔细的检查会得出一些有趣的鉴别诊断，有时在做出正确诊断之前需要内科和内分泌科的进一步明确。
