Rattner B A, Franson J C
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1984 Jul;62(7):787-92. doi: 10.1139/y84-129.
Physiological and toxicological effects of p.o. methyl parathion (0.375-3.0 mg/kg) or fenvalerate (1000-4000 mg/kg) were examined over a 10-h period in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) maintained in thermoneutral (22 degrees C) and cold (-5 degrees C) environments. Methyl parathion was highly toxic (estimated median lethal dose of 3.08 mg/kg, 95% confidence limits of 2.29-4.14 mg/kg), producing dose-dependent inhibition of brain and plasma cholinesterase activity, hyperglycemia, and elevated plasma corticosterone concentration. Brain and plasma cholinesterase inhibition in excess of 50% was associated with transient but pronounced hypothermia 2 h after intubation, although the magnitude of this response was variable. Fenvalerate, at doses far exceeding those encountered in the environment, caused mild intoxication and elevated plasma alanine amino-transferase activity. Cold intensified methyl parathion toxicity, but did not affect that of fenvalerate. Thus, it would appear that organophosphorus insecticides pose far greater hazard than pyrethroids to raptorial birds.
在美国隼（美洲隼）处于热中性（22摄氏度）和寒冷（-5摄氏度）环境下的10小时期间，检测了口服甲基对硫磷（0.375 - 3.0毫克/千克）或氰戊菊酯（1000 - 4000毫克/千克）的生理和毒理学效应。甲基对硫磷具有高毒性（估计半数致死剂量为3.08毫克/千克，95%置信区间为2.29 - 4.14毫克/千克），会产生剂量依赖性的脑和血浆胆碱酯酶活性抑制、高血糖以及血浆皮质酮浓度升高。插管后2小时，脑和血浆胆碱酯酶抑制超过50%与短暂但明显的体温过低有关，尽管这种反应的程度存在差异。氰戊菊酯在远远超过环境中所遇剂量的情况下，会导致轻度中毒并使血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性升高。寒冷会加剧甲基对硫磷的毒性，但不影响氰戊菊酯的毒性。因此，有机磷杀虫剂对猛禽造成的危害似乎远大于拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂。
