Dul J, Townsend M A, Shiavi R, Johnson G E
J Biomech. 1984;17(9):663-73. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(84)90120-9.
The use of optimization techniques to predict individual muscle forces in redundant biomechanical systems implies the formulation of a criterion for load sharing between the muscles. In part I of this paper, the characteristics and performance of several linear and non-linear criteria reported in the literature have been compared for static-isometric knee flexion. The results show that linear criteria inherently predict discrete muscle action (orderly recruitment of muscles) whereas non-linear criteria can predict synergistic action. All criteria predict that relatively more force is allocated to muscles with large moment arms. When muscle stresses (or ratios of muscle force to maximum muscle force) are used as the decision variables in the objective function, then relatively more force is allocated to muscles with large maximum possible force as well. Future formulations of the optimization should consider the differences in fiber type composition among the muscles. Such an approach is presented in part II of the paper.
运用优化技术预测冗余生物力学系统中的个体肌肉力量，意味着要制定一个肌肉间负荷分担的标准。在本文的第一部分，针对静态等长屈膝，比较了文献中报道的几种线性和非线性标准的特点及性能。结果表明，线性标准本质上预测的是离散肌肉动作（肌肉的有序募集），而非线性标准可以预测协同动作。所有标准都预测，相对更多的力会分配到力臂较大的肌肉上。当肌肉应力（或肌肉力量与最大肌肉力量的比值）用作目标函数中的决策变量时，相对更多的力也会分配到最大可能力量较大的肌肉上。未来优化方案应考虑不同肌肉间纤维类型组成的差异。本文第二部分给出了这样一种方法。
