Dul J, Johnson G E, Shiavi R, Townsend M A
J Biomech. 1984;17(9):675-84. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(84)90121-0.
P6new physiological criterion for muscular load sharing is developed. The criterion is based on the assumption that the endurance time of muscular contractions is maximized, hence muscular fatigue is minimized. The optimization problem is cast in the form of a linearly constrained, non-linear MINIMAX optimization. The new method predicts that: (1) there is synergistic muscle action, (2) muscle force increases non-linearly with external force (load), (3) relatively more force is allocated to muscles that have a large maximum force (large muscles), (4) relatively more force is allocated to muscles with a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers (muscles that are fatigue-resistant), (5) the load sharing does not depend on the moment arm of the muscles (although the absolute force levels do depend on this variable). The predicted load sharing between two cat muscles during standing and walking is in good agreement with direct force measurement data from the literature.
提出了一种新的肌肉负荷分担生理标准。该标准基于这样的假设：肌肉收缩的耐力时间最大化，从而使肌肉疲劳最小化。优化问题以线性约束的非线性极小极大优化形式呈现。新方法预测：（1）存在协同肌肉作用；（2）肌肉力量随外力（负荷）非线性增加；（3）相对更多的力量分配给具有较大最大力量的肌肉（大肌肉）；（4）相对更多的力量分配给慢肌纤维比例高的肌肉（抗疲劳肌肉）；（5）负荷分担不取决于肌肉的力臂（尽管绝对力水平确实取决于此变量）。站立和行走过程中两只猫肌肉之间预测出的负荷分担与文献中的直接力测量数据高度吻合。
