Kirkpatrick S W, Sanders D M
J Genet Psychol. 1978 Mar;132(1st Half):87-95. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1978.10533317.
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that temperament judgments associated with different body types were dependent upon sex and age of the respondents. A total of 500 participants, 249 females and 251 males ranging from 6 to 60 years of age, were sampled. Participants were drawn from various civic, educational, institutional, and residential groups in a Southern cosmopolitan city. A paper-pencil instrument consisted of three body silhouettes (representing an ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph) and 40 temperament/behavior descriptors. The respondents matched each descriptor with one of the three body types. The results indicated that the descriptors were differentially associated with body types according to age groups but not by sex. The mesomorph was overwhelmingly and consistently viewed as the most positive of the three body types, but was rated somewhat more negatively as the age of the group increased. Participants of ages 6 through 25 rated the endomorph more negatively than the ectomorph, while those of ages 26-40 rates them equally. In contrast, participants over 40 years of age viewed the ectomorph more negatively than the endomorph.
与不同体型相关的气质判断取决于受访者的性别和年龄。总共抽取了500名参与者，其中249名女性和251名男性，年龄在6岁至60岁之间。参与者来自南方一个国际化大都市的各个公民、教育、机构和居住群体。一份纸笔问卷包含三个身体轮廓（分别代表瘦型体质、肌肉型体质和胖型体质）以及40个气质/行为描述词。受访者将每个描述词与三种体型之一进行匹配。结果表明，这些描述词根据年龄组与体型存在差异关联，但与性别无关。肌肉型体质在三种体型中一直被压倒性地视为最积极的，但随着年龄组的增加，其评价略显负面。6岁至25岁的参与者对胖型体质的评价比对瘦型体质更负面，而26岁至40岁的参与者对两者评价相同。相比之下，40岁以上的参与者对瘦型体质的评价比对胖型体质更负面。
