Dewey K G, Finley D A, Lönnerdal B
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1984 Nov;3(5):713-20. doi: 10.1097/00005176-198411000-00014.
Breast milk composition of 119 samples collected by 46 women during months 7-20 of lactation was compared with composition of 101 samples collected at 4-6 months. Breast milk intake of 10 infants was determined by test-weighing for 1 or more months during months 7-16 of lactation. Longitudinal decreases in milk concentrations of zinc, copper, and potassium, previously documented for the first 6 months, continued into the second 6 months, while protein, iron, and sodium concentrations showed no further decline. Lactose, fat, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were similar to those in earlier stages of lactation. Weaning was associated with significant changes in milk composition: When milk volume fell below 300 ml/day, there was an increase in protein and sodium and a decrease in lactose, calcium, and zinc. Breast milk intake of infants not supplemented with cow's milk or formula averaged 875 ml/day (93% of total energy intake) at 7 months and 550 ml/day (50% of total energy intake) at 11-16 months. Total energy intake increased from 610 to 735 kcal/day, but energy intake per kilogram remained constant at a relatively low 70-79 kcal/kg/day. Our results suggest the need for further studies of nutrient intake and requirements of breast-fed infants during late lactation.
对46名女性在哺乳期第7至20个月收集的119份母乳样本的成分，与在第4至6个月收集的101份样本的成分进行了比较。通过在哺乳期第7至16个月对10名婴儿进行1个多月的试重，确定了他们的母乳摄入量。此前已记录到，母乳中锌、铜和钾的浓度在前6个月呈纵向下降，这种下降在第二个6个月仍在持续，而蛋白质、铁和钠的浓度则没有进一步下降。乳糖、脂肪、钙和镁的浓度与哺乳期早期相似。断奶与母乳成分的显著变化有关：当母乳量降至每天300毫升以下时，蛋白质和钠含量增加，乳糖、钙和锌含量减少。未补充牛奶或配方奶的婴儿，在7个月时的平均母乳摄入量为每天875毫升（占总能量摄入的93%），在11至16个月时为每天550毫升（占总能量摄入的50%）。总能量摄入量从每天610千卡增加到735千卡，但每千克体重的能量摄入量保持在相对较低的70 - 79千卡/千克/天不变。我们的研究结果表明，需要进一步研究母乳喂养婴儿在哺乳后期的营养摄入和需求情况。
