Early precursors of urogenital cancers in former college men.

Physical and social characteristics recorded at college physical examination or reported at subsequent alumni questionnaire in 1962 or 1966 by 47,271 male former students from Harvard University and the University of Pennsylvania were reviewed for their relationship to risk for cancers of the kidney, bladder, prostate and testis. The records of 213 subjects who died with 1 of these cancers in a 16-50 year followup period and of 280 subjects who reported such a cancer by mail questionnaire in 1976 or 1977 were compared with those of 1,972 matched classmates who were known to be alive and cancer-free at the time subjects with cancer had died or were diagnosed. Students with a record of proteinuria at college physical examination experienced increased risk of kidney cancer. Higher levels of body weight during college were associated with elevated risks of kidney and bladder cancers; however, increased weight in 1962/1966 related only to kidney cancer. A history of cigarette smoking as reported by questionnaire in 1962/1966 predicted increased occurrence of bladder cancer. Students with a history of tonsillectomy at college entrance experienced increased risk of prostate cancer, and those who reported cancer history in 1 or both parents were at increased risk for testicular cancer. These and other findings are presented as clues deserving further exploration for any etiological significance they may hold for the cancer sites studied.