Gallagher S S, Finison K, Guyer B, Goodenough S
Am J Public Health. 1984 Dec;74(12):1340-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.74.12.1340.
This study describes the incidence of fatal and nonfatal injuries occurring in 87,022 Massachusetts children and adolescents during a one-year period. A surveillance system for injuries at 23 hospitals captured 93 per cent of all discharges for ages 0-19 in the 14 communities under study. Sample data were collected on emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and deaths for all but a few causes of unintentional injuries. The overall incidence was 2,239 per 10,000. The true incidence rates are probably higher than those reported. The ratio of emergency room visits to admissions to deaths was 1,300 to 45 to 1. Injury rates varied considerably by age, sex, cause, and level of severity. Age-specific injury rates were lowest for infants and elementary school age children and highest for toddlers and adolescents. The overall ratio of male to female injury rates was 1.66 to 1. Injuries from falls, sports, and cutting and piercing instruments had a high incidence and low severity. Injuries from motor vehicles, burns, and drownings had lower incidence, but greater severity. Results provide evidence that both morbidity and mortality must be considered when determining priorities for injury prevention. Current prevention efforts must be expanded to target injuries of higher incidence and within the adolescent population.
本研究描述了马萨诸塞州87,022名儿童和青少年在一年期间发生致命和非致命伤害的发生率。一项针对23家医院伤害情况的监测系统涵盖了所研究的14个社区中0至19岁人群所有出院病例的93%。除少数几种意外伤害原因外，收集了有关急诊就诊、住院和死亡的样本数据。总体发生率为每10,000人中有2,239例。实际发生率可能高于报告的发生率。急诊就诊、住院与死亡的比例为1300∶45∶1。伤害发生率因年龄、性别、原因和严重程度而有很大差异。特定年龄组的伤害发生率在婴儿和小学年龄段儿童中最低，在学步儿童和青少年中最高。男性与女性伤害发生率的总体比例为1.66∶1。跌倒、运动以及切割和穿刺器械造成的伤害发生率高但严重程度低。机动车、烧伤和溺水造成的伤害发生率较低，但严重程度较高。结果表明，在确定伤害预防重点时，必须同时考虑发病率和死亡率。当前的预防工作必须扩大，以针对发病率较高的伤害以及青少年人群中的伤害。
