Westbrook M T, Nordholm L A, McGee J E
Soc Sci Med. 1984;19(9):939-47. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90323-x.
Scott hypothesised that there are national differences in the theories held by health professionals regarding rehabilitation. Thus they have different perceptions of and reactions to patient behaviours. This was tested by comparing the reactions of female physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses in Sweden (N = 51) and Australia (N = 83) to behaviours of patients belonging to six diagnostic groups. It was predicted that national differences would be influenced by Australians' endorsement of a more psycho-social model of health care and Swedes' stronger beliefs in personal responsibility for health. Questionnaires containing case histories of the six patients and transcripts of interviews in which they expressed either depression, optimism, dependence, independence, self-blame or denial of blame for their illnesses were distributed to subjects. Case histories and interview transcripts were combined differently in six forms of the questionnaire. Subjects rated their impressions and evaluations of each patient on 14 Likert type scales and answered the question, "If the patient had said this to you how would you have reacted?" Subjects completed the Health Locus of Control Scale on which Swedes proved to have significantly stronger beliefs regarding personal responsibility for health. Highly significant differences were found in discriminant analyses of reactions to the six behaviours. Australians were more likely to perceive patients as dependent, depressed and poorly adjusted. They responded verbally to patients' feelings, recommended counselling and liked patients more. Swedes were more likely to react with specific treatments and technical aids. Swedes regarded patients who were dependent or who did not blame themselves as having poorer prognoses. Few differences occurred in ratings of the typicality of patients' behaviours or the degree of patients' acceptance or coping. The findings have particular relevance to multi-cultural nations. Bias may have occurred in the results because subjects represented only 40% of those sent the questionnaires.
斯科特假设，健康专业人员所持有的关于康复的理论存在国家差异。因此，他们对患者行为有不同的认知和反应。通过比较瑞典（N = 51）和澳大利亚（N = 83）的女性物理治疗师、职业治疗师和护士对六个诊断组患者行为的反应来对此进行测试。据预测，国家差异将受到澳大利亚人对更具心理社会模式的医疗保健的认可，以及瑞典人对个人健康责任更强信念的影响。向受试者发放了包含六名患者病史以及他们表达抑郁、乐观、依赖、独立、自责或否认对自身疾病负有责任的访谈记录的问卷。在问卷的六种形式中，病史和访谈记录以不同方式组合。受试者在14个李克特式量表上对每位患者的印象和评价进行评分，并回答问题：“如果患者对你这样说，你会有什么反应？”受试者完成了健康控制点量表，结果证明瑞典人在个人对健康责任的信念方面明显更强。在对六种行为反应的判别分析中发现了非常显著的差异。澳大利亚人更倾向于将患者视为依赖、抑郁且适应不良的。他们会对患者的感受做出言语回应，推荐咨询服务，并且更喜欢患者。瑞典人更可能以特定治疗和技术辅助手段做出反应。瑞典人认为依赖或不自责的患者预后较差。在对患者行为典型性的评分或患者接受度或应对程度方面几乎没有差异。这些发现对多元文化国家具有特别的相关性。结果中可能出现了偏差，因为受试者仅占收到问卷者的40%。
