Hill S W, McCutcheon N B
Appetite. 1984 Jun;5(2):73-83. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6663(84)80026-4.
College students ate two high preference or two low preference doughnuts under high or low hunger conditions. Subjects were led to believe that we were interested in preference ratings made after eating the doughnuts. The number of bites and the total snack time were covertly recorded. Having weighed the doughnuts previously, we calculated the bite size (amount per bite), bite speed (time per bite), and eating rate (amount per second). Eating rate increased as obesity, body size, hunger, and preference increased; men ate at a faster rate than women. Larger bites accounted for the increased rate of the obese, the high preference subjects, and those having a larger body size. The hungry subjects increased their eating rate by taking faster bites. Men ate faster than women by taking both larger but slower bites. Thus eating rate is under multiple control. The data also suggest that the effects of obesity and, in part, gender on these eating responses may be more parsimoniously explained as body size effects. Modification of these within-session eating responses in order to regulate food intake will be successful only when the relationships among these measures are understood.
大学生在高饥饿或低饥饿条件下吃了两个高偏好或两个低偏好的甜甜圈。受试者被引导相信我们感兴趣的是吃完甜甜圈后的偏好评分。暗中记录了咬的次数和总的吃零食时间。之前称过甜甜圈的重量后，我们计算了咬的大小（每口的量）、咬的速度（每咬一口的时间）和进食速度（每秒的量）。进食速度随着肥胖程度、体型、饥饿程度和偏好的增加而增加；男性进食速度比女性快。较大的咬口导致肥胖者、高偏好受试者和体型较大者的进食速度加快。饥饿的受试者通过更快地咬来提高进食速度。男性通过咬更大但更慢的口来比女性吃得更快。因此，进食速度受到多种因素的控制。数据还表明，肥胖以及部分性别对这些进食反应的影响，可能更简单地解释为体型的影响。只有当理解了这些测量之间的关系时，为了调节食物摄入量而对这些进食过程中的反应进行调整才会成功。
