Roberts M C, Turner D S
Health Educ Q. 1984 Summer;11(2):181-93. doi: 10.1177/109019818401100209.
Virtually all children are at risk for injury and death as passengers in moving vehicles. Between 70% to 90% of the injury and death could be reduced or prevented if children were restrained in safety seats. However, studies show that only a minority of children are properly protected. Numerous efforts have been made to increase the number of children riding in car safety seats. This article reviews and synthesizes the various attempts to motivate safety seat usage by examining the literature on (1) informational and educational programs; (2) safety seat loaner programs; (3) state laws requiring seat usage; (4) behavioral improvement emphasis programs; (5) reward-based programs; and (6) passive prevention approaches through airbags. No one approach appears to be the solution to the complex problem of motivating the preventive behavior of acquiring and consistently using safety seats. Recommendations are forwarded for: (1) developing and determining the best techniques for which settings through comparative research; (2) utilizing a developmental perspective in identifying when and what interventions are needed; and (3) implementing creative and comprehensive programs in communities.
实际上，所有儿童作为乘车乘客都面临受伤和死亡的风险。如果儿童使用安全座椅，70%至90%的伤害和死亡是可以减少或避免的。然而，研究表明，只有少数儿童得到了妥善保护。人们已经做出了许多努力来增加使用汽车安全座椅的儿童数量。本文通过审视关于以下方面的文献，回顾并综合了各种促使安全座椅使用的尝试：(1)信息和教育项目；(2)安全座椅借用项目；(3)要求使用座椅的州法律；(4)强调行为改善的项目；(5)基于奖励的项目；以及(6)通过安全气囊的被动预防方法。对于促使人们养成购买并持续使用安全座椅这一预防行为这一复杂问题，似乎没有一种方法能解决。现提出以下建议：(1)通过比较研究开发并确定适用于哪些环境的最佳技术；(2)利用发展视角来确定何时以及需要何种干预措施；(3)在社区实施富有创意和全面的项目。
