Sowers-Hoag K M, Thyer B A, Bailey J S
J Appl Behav Anal. 1987 Summer;20(2):133-8. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-133.
A program using behavioral practice, assertiveness training, and social and contrived reinforcers was developed to establish and maintain automobile safety belt use by young children. Sixteen children (ages 4.8 to 7 years) who never used their safety belts during a 5-day preexperimental observation period were randomly assigned to two groups of eight each. A multiple baseline design across groups was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. During the 8-day baseline period for Group 1, no children used their safety belts when unobtrusively observed while being driven from school. During the 26-day intervention period, the children were buckled up on 96% of the observations. Follow-up probes conducted 2-3 months after program discontinuance found safety belt use to range from 86% to 100%. For Group 2, the 14-day baseline safety belt use averaged 6% and increased to a mean of 81% during the 20-day training and maintenance program. Follow-up probes 2-3 months later found safety belt use to occur during 75% to 96% of the observations. Parent questionnaires indicated the generalizability and social validity of the program.
开发了一个使用行为练习、自信训练以及社会和人为强化物的项目，以促使幼儿养成并保持使用汽车安全带的习惯。在为期5天的实验前观察期内从未使用过安全带的16名儿童（年龄在4.8至7岁之间）被随机分为两组，每组8人。采用跨组多基线设计来评估该训练项目的有效性。在第1组为期8天的基线期内，在孩子们从学校乘车回家时进行的不引人注意的观察中，没有孩子使用安全带。在为期26天的干预期内，在96%的观察中孩子们系好了安全带。在项目结束2至3个月后进行的随访调查发现，安全带使用率在86%至10%之间。对于第2组，在为期14天的基线期内，安全带使用率平均为6%，在为期20天的训练和维持项目期间增加到平均81%。2至3个月后的随访调查发现，在75%至96%的观察中孩子们使用了安全带。家长问卷表明了该项目的推广性和社会效度。
