Silverman K, Watanabe K, Marshall A M, Baer D M
J Appl Behav Anal. 1984 Winter;17(4):545-52. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-545.
We examined the use of protective clothing to reduce a retarded male's face-punching and leg-kicking and two corresponding forms of self-restraint--arm and leg self-restraint. The resident was observed each day in three sessions of randomly ordered conditions (one condition per session): without any protective clothing, with a padded helmet, and with a padded helmet and padded slippers. Use of the padded helmet substantially reduced face-punching and arm self-restraint. The addition of padded slippers reduced leg-kicking and leg self-restraint. These results suggest a practical and effective means of controlling self-injury and self-restraint. They are also consistent with the possibility that the resident's arm restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of face-punching and that his leg restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of leg-kicking.
我们研究了使用防护服来减少一名智力发育迟缓男性的打脸和踢腿行为以及两种相应的自我约束形式——手臂和腿部自我约束。每天在三个随机排序的条件下观察该住院患者（每个条件观察一个时段）：不穿任何防护服、戴有衬垫的头盔、戴有衬垫的头盔并穿有衬垫的拖鞋。使用有衬垫的头盔显著减少了打脸和手臂自我约束行为。添加有衬垫的拖鞋减少了踢腿和腿部自我约束行为。这些结果表明了一种控制自我伤害和自我约束的实用且有效的方法。它们也与以下可能性一致，即该住院患者的手臂约束部分是通过逃避打脸来维持的，而他的腿部约束部分是通过逃避踢腿来维持的。
