Favell J E, McGimsey J F, Jones M L
J Appl Behav Anal. 1978 Summer;11(2):225-41. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-225.
Two experiments investigated the effects of a treatment package on the self-injurious behavior of three profoundly retarded persons who appeared to enjoy the physical restraints used to prevent their self-injury. The treatment package included physically restraining subjects contingent on increasing periods of time during which no self-injury occurred, and providing them with toys and attention during intervals between restraints. A reversal and multiple-baseline analysis documented that the rapid and complete reduction in self-injury by all subjects was due to this treatment package. Because these results suggested that physical restraint might function as a positive reinforcer, in a third experiment physical restraint was applied contingent on a marble placement response with one subject. A reversal design demonstrated that toy play systematically increased when each response resulted in restraint. The experiments have implications for the nonaversive remediation of self-injury in individuals who are restrained, as well as for the development and maintenance of self-injury in natural settings.
两项实验研究了一种治疗方案对三名重度智力迟钝者自伤行为的影响，这三名患者似乎很享受用于防止他们自伤的身体约束措施。该治疗方案包括：根据无自伤行为的时间延长情况对受试者进行身体约束，并在约束间隙为他们提供玩具和关注。一项反转和多基线分析证明，所有受试者自伤行为的迅速且完全减少是由于该治疗方案。由于这些结果表明身体约束可能起到积极强化物的作用，在第三个实验中，对一名受试者根据其放置弹珠的反应来施加身体约束。一项反转设计表明，每当反应导致约束时，玩玩具的行为就会系统性增加。这些实验对于被约束个体自伤行为的非厌恶疗法，以及自然环境中自伤行为的发展和维持具有启示意义。
