Fisher W W, Lindauer S E, Alterson C J, Thompson R H
Neurobehavioral Unit, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Winter;31(4):513-27. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-513.
In the current investigation, 2 participants with mental retardation displayed property destruction and stereotypy, and both responses involved the same materials (e.g., breaking and tapping plastic objects). Three experiments were conducted (a) to indirectly assess the functions of these two responses, (b) to determine their relation to one another, and (c) to develop a treatment to reduce the more serious behavior, property destruction. In Experiment 1, previously destroyed materials were either present or absent, and their presence reduced property destruction but not stereotypy. In Experiment 2, matched toys (ones that produced sensory stimulation similar to stereotypy) were either present or absent, or were replaced by unmatched toys (for 1 participant). Matched toys produced large reductions and unmatched toys produced small reductions in property destruction and stereotypy. In Experiment 3, attempts to pick up undestroyed objects were either blocked or not blocked while matched toys were continuously available. Response blocking reduced property destruction (and attempts), prevented stereotypy, and increased manipulation of matched toys. These results suggest that the two aberrant responses formed a chain (e.g., breaking and then tapping the object), which was maintained by the sensory consequences (e.g., auditory stimulation) of the terminal response, and that previously destroyed material or matched toys made the initial response (property destruction) unnecessary.
在当前的调查中，两名智力发育迟缓的参与者表现出财产破坏行为和刻板行为，且两种反应涉及相同的物品（例如，破坏和敲击塑料制品）。进行了三项实验：（a）间接评估这两种反应的功能，（b）确定它们之间的关系，（c）开发一种治疗方法以减少更严重的行为，即财产破坏行为。在实验1中，之前被破坏的物品要么存在，要么不存在，其存在减少了财产破坏行为，但没有减少刻板行为。在实验2中，匹配的玩具（能产生类似于刻板行为的感官刺激的玩具）要么存在，要么不存在，或者被不匹配的玩具取代（针对一名参与者）。匹配的玩具使财产破坏行为和刻板行为大幅减少，不匹配的玩具则使其有小幅减少。在实验3中，当匹配的玩具一直可用时，拿起未被破坏物品的尝试要么被阻止，要么未被阻止。反应阻止减少了财产破坏行为（以及尝试），防止了刻板行为，并增加了对匹配玩具的操作。这些结果表明，这两种异常反应形成了一个链条（例如，先破坏然后敲击物品），该链条由终端反应的感官后果（例如，听觉刺激）维持，并且之前被破坏的物品或匹配的玩具使初始反应（财产破坏行为）变得不必要。
