Leenaars A A, Balance W D
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1984 Winter;14(4):275-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.1984.tb00682.x.
This study of suicide notes involved the deduction of 25 protocol sentences that reflected important specific aspects of Freud's formulations regarding suicide. Independent judges noted the incidence of contents corresponding to the protocol sentences in 33 genuine and 33 simulated notes. Comparisons between genuine and simulated notes revealed that the protocol sentences discriminated significantly as a set in favor of the genuine notes. Individual statements found significantly more frequently in genuine notes indicated loss and/or rejection, preoccupation with a lost person, ambivalence toward a lost person, identification with a lost person, communicating feelings of anger toward oneself but appearing to be angry toward someone else, turning back upon oneself murderous wishes or impulses, and seeing the act as a fulfillment of self-punishment. A frequency count of the sentences in the notes indicated that these statements occurred quite frequently (i.e., at least one-third of the time) in the genuine notes. Implications of the results are discussed.
这项对自杀遗书的研究涉及推导25条协议语句，这些语句反映了弗洛伊德关于自杀的表述中的重要具体方面。独立评判人员记录了33份真实遗书和33份模拟遗书与协议语句相对应内容的发生率。真实遗书与模拟遗书之间的比较显示，作为一个整体，这些协议语句能够显著地区分真实遗书和模拟遗书，对真实遗书更为有利。在真实遗书中更频繁出现的个别表述包括失去和/或被拒绝、对逝者的念念不忘、对逝者的矛盾情感、与逝者的认同、表达对自己的愤怒但看似是对他人的愤怒、将杀意或冲动转向自身以及将自杀行为视为自我惩罚的实现。对遗书中语句的频次统计表明，这些表述在真实遗书中出现的频率相当高（即至少三分之一的情况）。文中讨论了研究结果的意义。
